Thyroid

The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shared small organ that is present in the front of the neck around the windpipe. It has two wide wings that extend around the side of the throat and are small in the middle area. It produces hormones that help to control important functions of the body.

Thyroxine is the major hormone that is produced by the thyroid. It is also known as T4. Thyroid hormone helps in the growth and development of the body, affects metabolism and body temperature. In infants and children, it is important for the development of the brain.

Thyroid Conditions

Thyroiditis: It is a condition that is caused due to inflammation from a viral infection or autoimmune condition. It has no symptoms and can be painful.

Goiter: They tell about the deficiency of the iodine and are generally harmless. It is swelling of the thyroid and is represents Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

Graves disease: It is a disorder that leads to the overproduction of hormones.

Hyperthyroidism: In this condition, the production of the thyroid hormone increases in excess. It is also referred to as Graves disease or an overactive thyroid nodule.

Hypothyroidism: It is a condition in which the production of thyroid hormones is not enough.

Thyroid Cancer: This is a rare form of cancer that is curable. It can be treated through surgery, radiation, and hormone treatments.

Thyroid storm: It is a form of hyperthyroidism that causes severe illness due to thyroid hormone level that is exceptionally high.

Thyroid nodule: These are very common in which there is a small abnormal lump in the thyroid gland.

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism (overactive hormones)

Symptoms of hypothyroidism (underactive hormones)

Diagnosis

Treatment of hyperthyroidism

There are various methods to treat overproduction of thyroid hormones, such as:

  • Radioactive iodine
  • Anti-thyroid drugs (methimazole and propylthioracil)
  • Beta-blockers
  • Surgery

Thyroid replacement medication is a method to treat hypothyroidism.